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Do Or Die

Trading Regime Analysis Using RWI

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Hi,

 

Michael Poulos shot into fame in early 90’s when he published an article about RWI. He showed that Corn has the strongest tendency to trend while Wheat has the least. RWI is not talked about much because Poulos was more interested in his trading rather than writing books to commercialize it. It can be used to rank stocks for their trend strength. As a comparison, RWI is conceptually better in mathematical construction than ADX.

 

RWI ‘ranks’ an instrument’s tendency to trend by comparing it to a random walk. This is very useful for Regime Analysis because traders can apply trend following strategies to instruments which show a greater opportunity to trend. Similarly traders shift to mean reversion strategies for instruments which tend to move around a mean (‘more stationary’).

 

The earlier articles in this series are:

Trend Following Vs Mean Reversion: Trading Regimes

Introduction to Understanding Volatility

Trading Regime Analysis Using RSI

Relative Strength - Internal

 

Note that within an instrument, regime shifts may appear favoring trend following or mean reversion strategies. However, in this article I want to discuss the trending tendency of an instrument in general. Some instruments tend to exhibit stronger trending tendencies than others always.

 

Take the stocks for example. Which sector stock do you think are most trending on EOD? Consumer Goods and Technology are the most strongly trending, while Utilities and Transportation are least trending. This ofcourse is drawn on ETFs, but a similar model can be drawn for individual stocks. The general conclusion here is Technology stocks favor trend following strategies while Utility stock favor mean reversion strategies.

attachment.php?attachmentid=25488&stc=1&d=1311939218

The above chart shows RWI averaged over 100 periods for some ETFs. Since RWI shows a trending tendency, the wilder the RWI extremes for an instrument, the greater is it’s tendency to trend.

 

Let’s look at now what makes RWI effective for such conclusions:

  • It compares trends directly with random drift
  • Objectivity is maintained by not requiring an arbitrary lookback interval (for example, the length of a moving average)

RWI has two components-

Random Walk Index of Highs (measures uptrend) RWHI= (H-Ln) / (R*sqrt(n))

Random Walk Index of Downtrends (measures downtrend) RWLI= (Hn-L) / (R*sqrt(n))

Here ‘Hn’ and Ln’ are Highs and lows n days back respectively and R is the average range.

 

The sqrt comes into picture from Mathematician W. Feller’s proof that a “random walk” generated by tossing a coin (one step forward if heads, one step backward if tails) would show a displacement from the starting point, depending on the square root of the number of tosses.

 

RWI is calculated as the difference between RWHI and RWLI. It therefore effectively measures the tendency to trend compared against randomness.

 

The closer the RWI value remains around Zero, the lesser the tendency of an instrument to trend.

 

Here are some major indices ranked according to their trends over past one year:

Index Ticker	Index Name	RWI Average
IXUT	NASDAQ Telecommun	0.02
HUI	AMEX GOLD BUGS IN	0.11
XAU	PHLX Gold/Silver	0.13
TYX	Treasury Yield 30	0.16
IXBK	NASDAQ Bank	0.19
AORD	ALL ORDINARIES	0.22
DJU	Dow Jones Utility	0.30
DJT	Dow Jones Transpo	0.36
IXTR	NASDAQ Transporta	0.37
IXIS	NASDAQ Insurance	0.40
DJA	Dow Jones Composi	0.43
IIX	AMEX INTERACTIVE	0.45
NWX	AMEX NETWORKING I	0.50
SOXX	PHILADELPHIA SEMICONDUCTOR INDEX	0.52
DJI	DOW 30 INDEX	0.53
IXFN	NASDAQ Other Fina	0.56
N225	NIKKEI 225	0.57
VLIC	Value Line Geomet	0.66
XAX	AMEX COMPOSITE IN	0.67
NYA	NYSE COMPOSITE IN	0.68
RUT	Russell 2000	0.70
IXK	NASDAQ Computer	0.72
RUI	Russell 1000	0.73
SML	S&P SMALLCAP 600	0.73
NDX	NASDAQ-100	0.74
RUA	Russell 3000	0.75
IXIC	NASDAQ Composite	0.76
PSE	NYSE Arca Tech 10	0.77
BTK	AMEX BIOTECHNOLOG	0.78
OEX	S&P 100 INDEX	0.78
DWC	DJUS Market Index	0.79
GSPC	S&P 500 INDEXRTH	0.80
MID	S&P 400 MIDCAP IN	0.82
XOI	AMEX OIL INDEX	0.82
NBI	NASDAQ Biotechnol	0.89
IXID	NASDAQ Industrial	0.91

The RWHI and RWLI indices are calculated over a range of lookback lengths using the largest value returned for today’s indicator. Thus, we let the market determine the lookback interval, rather than use a fixed arbitrary one as many current indicators do.

 

Now we know, trends exist in all freely traded markets. The swings in RWI are cause by short-term exception to the rule that trend exists.

 

This leads us to other very important use by plotting a short-term RWI against a longer term. The short-term is a good over bought/oversold indicator while the longer one is a good trend indicator.

 

Posting a comment will only take you 2 minutes, but it will be the strongest motivation for me to share something better.

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OIH.thumb.png.a6f9aff5faefba02c27e6f3211a3455f.png

MSFT.thumb.png.2a94b4ec5ad5b4e2e3f67bac49894ff6.png

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Posting a comment will only take you 2 minutes, but it will be the strongest motivation for me to share something better.

 

Well I'm always reading! Thanks again for the thread. I am very interested in what you were saying. The only problem is that I couldn't find the RWI as an indicator in any of the charting websites I use. Also, I don't quite fully understand using the RWI yet.

 

So far, I have been more interested in the mean reversion strategy, but from what you have said so far, I understood that it would best be to use both depending on what kind of market in which you are trading.

 

So, the RWI is an indicator that shows whether a certain stock is trending. If the RWI is lower, then it would be best to use a mean reversion strategy? And if the RWI is higher, then a trend-following strategy would be recommended?

 

I don't typically like posting comments because I don't want to hijack the thread and I don't want to sound stupid, but if it encourages you, then I'll follow along and comment from time to time. Keep up the awesome work Do or Die! Thanks.

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So, the RWI is an indicator that shows whether a certain stock is trending. If the RWI is lower, then it would be best to use a mean reversion strategy? And if the RWI is higher, then a trend-following strategy would be recommended?

 

Yes, you can use RWI for selecting a particular stock or futures to trade.

 

Every stock within itself goes through different trading regimes.If you refer to the RS-internal thread, and regime shifting example using RSI, you can use almost any oscillator to shift regimes from and trade appropriately.

 

Random Walk Index of Highs (measures uptrend) RWHI= (H-Ln) / (R*sqrt(n))

Random Walk Index of Downtrends (measures downtrend) RWLI= (Hn-L) / (R*sqrt(n))

Here ‘Hn’ and Ln’ are Highs and lows n days back respectively and R is the average (daily) range.

 

also replied to your PM.

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Thank you for the response.

 

Do you think you could post an example or two about how to use the RWI. I just don't really quite get it. I understand the theory, but I still don't know how to use it. I looked at the chart you posted of MSFT and couldn't see wha to do with it. When the RWI is low, it's supposed to be a sideways market, right? So mean reversion would be a better method. And the opposite goes for when the RWI is high. But in the chart, it seems to me that the RWI mimics the price chart.

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Hi D/D,

 

I noticed that your indicators for MSFT use settings of 9 and 40.

 

Any particular reason you chose these settings?

 

 

Thanks,

Phantom

 

Its called "Optimization"

 

it doesn't work but thats what its called.

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Hi D/D,

 

I noticed that your indicators for MSFT use settings of 9 and 40.

 

Any particular reason you chose these settings?

 

 

Thanks,

Phantom

 

Hi Phantom,

 

No particular reason, as mentioned I wanted to plot:

1. Longer-term RWI for trend strength (on EOD most traders use the mid-MA as 40 or 50)

2. Short-term RWI for overbot/oversold levels (I would suggest a value 7-10 trading days because thats usually the period on EOD during which stocks get over extended or struggle in retracement).

 

If someone trades on Weekly charts, he may like to use 200 and 40 perios RWI. In general, the ratio between short-term and long term may not be greater than 1/3 because retracements arn't supposed to be mroe than 30% in a healthy trend.

 

thanks,

DD

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Its called "Optimization"

 

it doesn't work but thats what its called.

 

I'll point to some resources soon on what is optimization.

 

FYI, it's not optimization. Also, optimization is not just helpful, but essential for automated trading. What does not works is curve-fitting.

 

Cheers.

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I'll point to some resources soon on what is optimization.

 

FYI, it's not optimization. Also, optimization is not just helpful, but essential for automated trading. What does not works is curve-fitting.

 

Cheers.

 

Of course you are welcome to your opinion. Mine differs....and as to the use of Random Walk, again my opinion is that it is close to useless...If at some point you start to discuss the use of hidden Markov models and GARCH I may look in again. Until then

 

Cheers

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Do you think you could post an example..

 

Sorry about the delayed reply. I have been on a family vacation for past few days; will post examples shortly.

 

Where can I find the RWI on a charting website?

 

Don't bother, I suggested RWI for regime analysis only. You can use RSI or many other methods for regime analysis. Once you get hold of a strategy software you can go ahead playing with custom indicators.

 

So if I was using a mean reversion method with the RSI and the RSI raised about 30 after becoming oversold, I would buy expecting the price to increase. Could I also do the same with the RWI?

 

Yes.

 

You can try on 60 min or EOD timeframe with one of the utility/transportation stocks. As a little exercise try paper trading with overbot/oversold levels when a stock is range bound or moving in a congestion area.

 

Consumer Goods and Technology are the most strongly trending, while Utilities and Transportation are least trending...

 

Cheers.

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Of course you are welcome to your opinion. Mine differs....and as to the use of Random Walk, again my opinion is that it is close to useless...

 

May I request you to elaborate on why you hold that opinion? forums are for discussions.

 

thanks.

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Well it seems that we have had a short discussion. In answer to your question. If there is a problem it is with the implementation. The market I like to trade (S&P futures) seems to cycle in and out of stationarity. When it does that, its been my experience that the basic principle of RWI doesn't seem to work well. I think (I am not sure) that markets that are more stable (do not cycle as quickly) may be better candidates for that type of approach..Those markets might include commodities for example.

 

By the way, I believe a version of RWI is available on Investor/RT charting software. I think they call it "Random Walk Index" for those interested in pursuing the subject.

Edited by steve46

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Well, I think leaving one-liner opinions is similar to leaving tips where to buy/sell.

 

Some markets tend to show 'less random' cycle of stationarity, but they all cycle in and out of stationarity. In that sense, RWI will not be useful at all. I only mentioned RWI as a general trend strength indicator comparative to ADX. I also think that anyone who has done these kinds of studies will be using custom indicators.

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Yes well now that you have had the chance to express yourself, what we end up with is just what I have said..that the RWI is essentially useless in markets that cycle through stationary and non-stationary movement.

 

and in the process you got in your little barb about one-liners...good for you... and now folks you know why generally I don't have patience with this kind of post.

 

Those who want to move a bit further down this road will need to take some advanced math. If you have that covered, the next thing to do is "Google" the following terms... "Markov" "Hidden Markov models" "Garch" "Tim Bollerslev" and "Estimators"

 

Its a long road and I am guessing few folks here will want to go there but thats where you have to end up if you want to find something that works (instead of RWI)...

 

Good luck people.

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Steve46,

 

Yes, I'm an arrogant prick full of overweening pride who is nowhere as smart as he thinks he is. And yes, I am using a slow old laptop running decade-old software on a thirty-year-old paradigm.

 

Now that I have got your brain working could you please get back to:

http://www.traderslaboratory.com/forums/psychology/10512-sin-predicting-anticipatory-trading.html#post125013

 

Until then, please stay in the confines of:

http://www.traderslaboratory.com/forums/technical-analysis/10597-early-warning-again-2.html#post126099

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    • Date: 17th April 2024. Market News – Appetite for risk-taking remains weak. Economic Indicators & Central Banks:   Stocks, Treasury yields and US Dollar stay firmed. Fed Chair Powell added to the recent sell off. His slightly more hawkish tone further priced out chances for any imminent action and the timing of a cut was pushed out further. He suggested if higher inflation does persist, the Fed will hold rates steady “for as long as needed.” Implied Fed Fund: There remains no real chance for a move on May 1 and at their intraday highs the June implied funds rate future showed only 5 bps, while July reflected only 10 bps. And a full 25 bps was not priced in until November, with 38 bps in cuts seen for 2024. US & EU Economies Diverging: Lagarde says ECB is moving toward rate cuts – if there are no major shocks. UK March CPI inflation falls less than expected. Output price inflation has started to nudge higher, despite another decline in input prices. Together with yesterday’s higher than expected wage numbers, the data will add to the arguments of the hawks at the BoE, which remain very reluctant to contemplate rate cuts. Canada CPI rose 0.6% in March, double the 0.3% February increase BUT core eased. The doors are still open for a possible cut at the next BoC meeting on June 5. IMF revised up its global growth forecast for 2024 with inflation easing, in its new World Economic Outlook. This is consistent with a global soft landing, according to the report. Financial Markets Performance:   USDJPY also inched up to 154.67 on expectations the BoJ will remain accommodative and as the market challenges a perceived 155 red line for MoF intervention. USOIL prices slipped -0.15% to $84.20 per barrel. Gold rose 0.24% to $2389.11 per ounce, a new record closing high as geopolitical risks overshadowed the impacts of rising rates and the stronger dollar. Market Trends:   Wall Street waffled either side of unchanged on the day amid dimming rate cut potential, rising yields, and earnings. The major indexes closed mixed with the Dow up 0.17%, while the S&P500 and NASDAQ lost -0.21% and -0.12%, respectively. Asian stock markets mostly corrected again, with Japanese bourses underperforming and the Nikkei down -1.3%. Mainland China bourses were a notable exception and the CSI 300 rallied 1.4%, but the MSCI Asia Pacific index came close to erasing the gains for this year. Always trade with strict risk management. Your capital is the single most important aspect of your trading business. Please note that times displayed based on local time zone and are from time of writing this report. Click HERE to access the full HFM Economic calendar. Want to learn to trade and analyse the markets? Join our webinars and get analysis and trading ideas combined with better understanding on how markets work. Click HERE to register for FREE! Click HERE to READ more Market news. Andria Pichidi Market Analyst HFMarkets Disclaimer: This material is provided as a general marketing communication for information purposes only and does not constitute an independent investment research. Nothing in this communication contains, or should be considered as containing, an investment advice or an investment recommendation or a solicitation for the purpose of buying or selling of any financial instrument. All information provided is gathered from reputable sources and any information containing an indication of past performance is not a guarantee or reliable indicator of future performance. Users acknowledge that any investment in FX and CFDs products is characterized by a certain degree of uncertainty and that any investment of this nature involves a high level of risk for which the users are solely responsible and liable. We assume no liability for any loss arising from any investment made based on the information provided in this communication. This communication must not be reproduced or further distributed without our prior written permission.vvvvvvv
    • Date: 16th April 2024. Market News – Stocks and currencies sell off; USD up. Economic Indicators & Central Banks:   Stocks and currencies sell off, while the US Dollar picks up haven flows. Treasuries yields spiked again to fresh 2024 peaks before paring losses into the close, post, the stronger than expected retail sales eliciting a broad sell off in the markets. Rates surged as the data pushed rate cut bets further into the future with July now less than a 50-50 chance. Wall Street finished with steep declines led by tech. Stocks opened in the green on a relief trade after Israel repulsed the well advertised attack from Iran on Sunday. But equities turned sharply lower and extended last week’s declines amid the rise in yields. Investor concerns were intensified as Israel threatened retaliation. There’s growing anxiety over earnings even after a big beat from Goldman Sachs. UK labor market data was mixed, as the ILO unemployment rate unexpectedly lifted, while wage growth came in higher than anticipated – The data suggests that the labor market is catching up with the recession. Mixed messages then for the BoE. China grew by 5.3% in Q1 however the numbers are causing a lot of doubts over sustainability of this growth. The bounce came in the first 2 months of the year. In March, growth in retail sales slumped and industrial output decelerated below forecasts, suggesting challenges on the horizon. Today: Germany ZEW, US housing starts & industrial production, Fed Vice Chair Philip Jefferson speech, BOE Bailey speech & IMF outlook. Earnings releases: Morgan Stanley and Bank of America. Financial Markets Performance:   The US Dollar rallied to 106.19 after testing 106.25, gaining against JPY and rising to 154.23, despite intervention risk. Yen traders started to see the 160 mark as the next Resistance level. Gold surged 1.76% to $2386 per ounce amid geopolitical risks and Chinese buying, even as the USD firmed and yields climbed. USOIL is flat at $85 per barrel. Market Trends:   Breaks of key technical levels exacerbated the sell off. Tech was the big loser with the NASDAQ plunging -1.79% to 15,885 while the S&P500 dropped -1.20% to 5061, with the Dow sliding -0.65% to 37,735. The S&P had the biggest 2-day sell off since March 2023. Nikkei and ASX lost -1.9% and -1.8% respectively, and the Hang Seng is down -2.1%. European bourses are down more than -1% and US futures are also in the red. CTA selling tsunami: “Just a few points lower CTAs will for the first time this year start selling in size, to add insult to injury, we are breaking major trend-lines in equities and the gamma stabilizer is totally gone.” Short term CTA threshold levels are kicking in big time according to GS. Medium term is 4873 (most important) while the long term level is at 4605. Always trade with strict risk management. Your capital is the single most important aspect of your trading business. Please note that times displayed based on local time zone and are from time of writing this report. Click HERE to access the full HFM Economic calendar. Want to learn to trade and analyse the markets? Join our webinars and get analysis and trading ideas combined with better understanding on how markets work. Click HERE to register for FREE! Click HERE to READ more Market news. Andria Pichidi Market Analyst HFMarkets Disclaimer: This material is provided as a general marketing communication for information purposes only and does not constitute an independent investment research. Nothing in this communication contains, or should be considered as containing, an investment advice or an investment recommendation or a solicitation for the purpose of buying or selling of any financial instrument. All information provided is gathered from reputable sources and any information containing an indication of past performance is not a guarantee or reliable indicator of future performance. Users acknowledge that any investment in FX and CFDs products is characterized by a certain degree of uncertainty and that any investment of this nature involves a high level of risk for which the users are solely responsible and liable. We assume no liability for any loss arising from any investment made based on the information provided in this communication. This communication must not be reproduced or further distributed without our prior written permission.
    • Date: 15th April 2024. Market News – Negative Reversion; Safe Havens Rally. Trading Leveraged Products is risky Economic Indicators & Central Banks:   Markets weigh risk of retaliation cycle in Middle East. Initially the retaliatory strike from Iran on Israel fostered a haven bid, into bonds, gold and other haven assets, as it threatens a wider regional conflict. However, this morning, Oil and Asian equity markets were muted as traders shrugged off fears of a war escalation in the Middle East. Iran said “the matter can be deemed concluded”, and President Joe Biden has called on Israel to exercise restraint following Iran’s drone and missile strike, as part of Washington’s efforts to ease tensions in the Middle East and minimize the likelihood of a widespread regional conflict. New US and UK sanctions banned deliveries of Russian supplies, i.e. key industrial metals, produced after midnight on Friday. Aluminum jumped 9.4%, nickel rose 8.8%, suggesting brokers are bracing for major supply chain disruption. Financial Markets Performance:   The USDIndex fell back from highs over 106 to currently 105.70. The Yen dip against USD to 153.85. USOIL settled lower at 84.50 per barrel and Gold is trading below session highs at currently $2357.92 per ounce. Copper, more liquid and driven by the global economy over recent weeks, was more subdued this morning. Currently at $4.3180. Market Trends:   Asian stock markets traded mixed, but European and US futures are slightly higher after a tough session on Friday and yields have picked up. Mainland China bourses outperformed overnight, after Beijing offered renewed regulatory support. The PBOC meanwhile left the 1-year MLF rate unchanged, while once again draining funds from the system. Nikkei slipped 1% to 39,114.19. On Friday, NASDAQ slumped -1.62% to 16,175, unwinding most of Thursday’s 1.68% jump to a new all-time high at 16,442. The S&P500 fell -1.46% and the Dow dropped 1.24%. Declines were broadbased with all 11 sectors of the S&P finishing in the red. JPMorgan Chase sank 6.5% despite reporting stronger profit in Q1. The nation’s largest bank gave a forecast for a key source of income this year that fell below Wall Street’s estimate, calling for only modest growth. Apple shipments drop by 10% in Q1. Always trade with strict risk management. Your capital is the single most important aspect of your trading business. Please note that times displayed based on local time zone and are from time of writing this report. Click HERE to access the full HFM Economic calendar. Want to learn to trade and analyse the markets? Join our webinars and get analysis and trading ideas combined with better understanding on how markets work. Click HERE to register for FREE! Click HERE to READ more Market news. Andria Pichidi Market Analyst HFMarkets Disclaimer: This material is provided as a general marketing communication for information purposes only and does not constitute an independent investment research. Nothing in this communication contains, or should be considered as containing, an investment advice or an investment recommendation or a solicitation for the purpose of buying or selling of any financial instrument. All information provided is gathered from reputable sources and any information containing an indication of past performance is not a guarantee or reliable indicator of future performance. Users acknowledge that any investment in FX and CFDs products is characterized by a certain degree of uncertainty and that any investment of this nature involves a high level of risk for which the users are solely responsible and liable. We assume no liability for any loss arising from any investment made based on the information provided in this communication. This communication must not be reproduced or further distributed without our prior written permission.
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