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joshdance

The Close of a Bar is Meaningless

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sh?t bang my head against the wall and spit out my tobacco.. you would have one support line at one level and i another and the thousands of traders all having different support lines all over their charts so where is the REAL support level at? what about flags..pennants...triangles...and other patterns. what about double tops..double bottoms...wouldn't mine be different from yours..to me this would make TA nonsense.

 

It wouldn't make TA nonsense, it would make TA less precise. I'm not sure that anyone else on the thread who supports TA supports the idea that it is precise. I think this is what SIUYA and Sun Trader are trying to explain - it's a general guide, not an exact measure.

 

The two distinct and obvious lows of a double-bottom will always be there, whether you're looking at minute bars, range bars, tick charts . . . whatever.

 

You know, if you want to get pedantic about it, it's completely impossible to put a buy order in at a support line anyway - a line has no thickness ;)

 

Of course, "support" is really a vague and ill defined area of price where something happens that prevents price from trading below it. To the tick? Not often.

 

BlueHorseshoe

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you can have 10 people look at the same chart and get ten different opinions, ten different styles and approaches, ten different possibilities of hitting the button in terms of time, and ten different possible exits.....so its largely irrelevant what people see.

close of bars is great for working with a computer intraday. Otherwise so long as each trader remains consistent to the best fit for what ever system they are using that also ties in with the market as it works then that is probably more important.

you can get 10 different opinions and many approaches..etc but as an example if you are trading a system that involves trading off of support/resistance levels which can be seen by most anyone then are you saying it doesn't matter at all what those levels are on traders charts? are you saying there is NO REAL empirical support or resistance level. that such levels only exist as ones chart draws them up. they are a figment of the chart's imagination? that there really isn't a level that is called support/resistance and that said REAL level is what makes the chart what it is?

 

If these two levels are relegated to the "chart" inventing them and THERE is such a thing as staggered time/price for the same 5 minutes chart time frame selected then support/resistance simply becomes whatever the chart draws. you could show a double top..i a triple top..while henry shows a cuadruple top.....etc..etc.

 

I think there is a real place and time that support comes in. same with resistance. and that they show up on any 5 minute chart as being there. i further believe it is there for all traders to see it. it is not an invention of the chart. it is the chart reflecting reality. i think all traders on a 5 minute chart are in fact seeing the same data AND the same bar formation. how they interpret that may be different.

 

i question the theory of staggered time/price. frames. does it even exist? i don't think so.

 

for instance if I log on at 10:00 a.m. to the ES and put up a 5 minute chart and you log on at 10:03 a.m. and put up a five minute chart i think we would be looking at the same data. our bars would appear the same. because it is the exchange that is putting out the data and my platform and yours that would be grabbing all the data relevant to 10:00 am to 10:05 a.m time period regardless of when we each logged on. as soon as you got on you would see the data that had corresponded to the last 3 minutes. since i had been already logged on for 3 minutes i would see the same data as you..same bar formation...etc.

 

i don't think this concept of staggered price/time exists for the same TF under consideration. this would do away with all empirical data to make calculations from...to pick out setups...to see chart patterns...etc...it would be doomsday for TA

 

houston..we have a problem..our many clocks run on different time frames (supposedly)than yours...please reset them all so they will be synchronized.

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you can get 10 different opinions and many approaches..etc but as an example if you are trading a system that involves trading off of support/resistance levels which can be seen by most anyone then are you saying it doesn't matter at all what those levels are on traders charts? are you saying there is NO REAL empirical support or resistance level. that such levels only exist as ones chart draws them up. they are a figment of the chart's imagination? that there really isn't a level that is called support/resistance and that said REAL level is what makes the chart what it is?

 

No, i am saying some will view them as areas of support to be purchased, some will view them as a level that might be broken. Some will wait until momentum starts, some will try to buy before, some will job/scalp at the levels, others will be adding to positions....

it has nothing to do with levels....it has to do with actions. REAL actions.

There are plenty of examples of images (not charts) that can be viewed as different things even though the image does not change.

 

The rest of the discussion about real or inventions is just BS.

 

Re the staggered charts - IF the data is taken from the exchange then yes, everyone will have the same. If data providers build up charts from tick data and start times are not aligned and time stamps not used then of course it can be different.

(I get your point - but if everyone has the same aligned clocks then its highly unlikely to occur)

A perfect example of this can be seen in range bars, these are very dependant on when someone starts the chart.....and are not related to a fixed point in time.

 

but again the whole discussion is probably a waste of time as irrelevant.

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you can get 10 different opinions and many approaches..etc but as an example if you are trading a system that involves trading off of support/resistance levels which can be seen by most anyone then are you saying it doesn't matter at all what those levels are on traders charts? are you saying there is NO REAL empirical support or resistance level. that such levels only exist as ones chart draws them up. they are a figment of the chart's imagination? that there really isn't a level that is called support/resistance and that said REAL level is what makes the chart what it is?

 

If these two levels are relegated to the "chart" inventing them and THERE is such a thing as staggered time/price for the same 5 minutes chart time frame selected then support/resistance simply becomes whatever the chart draws. you could show a double top..i a triple top..while henry shows a cuadruple top.....etc..etc.

 

I think there is a real place and time that support comes in. same with resistance. and that they show up on any 5 minute chart as being there. i further believe it is there for all traders to see it. it is not an invention of the chart. it is the chart reflecting reality. i think all traders on a 5 minute chart are in fact seeing the same data AND the same bar formation. how they interpret that may be different.

 

i question the theory of staggered time/price. frames. does it even exist? i don't think so.

 

for instance if I log on at 10:00 a.m. to the ES and put up a 5 minute chart and you log on at 10:03 a.m. and put up a five minute chart i think we would be looking at the same data. our bars would appear the same. because it is the exchange that is putting out the data and my platform and yours that would be grabbing all the data relevant to 10:00 am to 10:05 a.m time period regardless of when we each logged on. as soon as you got on you would see the data that had corresponded to the last 3 minutes. since i had been already logged on for 3 minutes i would see the same data as you..same bar formation...etc.

 

i don't think this concept of staggered price/time exists for the same TF under consideration. this would do away with all empirical data to make calculations from...to pick out setups...to see chart patterns...etc...it would be doomsday for TA

 

houston..we have a problem..our many clocks run on different time frames (supposedly)than yours...please reset them all so they will be synchronized.

 

Go and sit at an institutional desk where there are no charts - just a ticker. How often does a bar form? Everytime the trader glances up from his crossword and notes the current price.

 

But the issue is not whether we are all seeing the same chart. The issue is whether or not the discrete time snapshot that we all see holds special significance. It doesn't.

 

BlueHorseshoe

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Well here is my take on the bar close.

Firstly my data feed is independent from my Broker so that I may keep a check on their synchronicity ... otherwise I am flying blind.

My bars are zeroed in on the RTH open, which I confirm every morning.

 

Now the bars...

The bars are of the Traders creation, although I doubt many Retail traders fully appreciate this point .... they are what the Trader decides they should be in order that they may support his/her style of trading.

Their size and type are largely irrelevant to anyone other than the Trader ... the High and Low are time stamped prices supplied from the Exchange and are therefore factual ... the Open, Close, MP, TYP etc are the creation of the Trader's fertile mind.

 

Therefore the Close of a bar has as much meaning as the Trader assigns to it when he /she created the bar in the first place ... it is a snapshot of price at a regular interval...that is all it is.

 

If a Trader can see recurring price behaviour based on a Bar Close, then he/she should be aware of the origins of the creation of the Close.

 

When a Trader sees a recurring pattern based upon Exchange supplied information (ie price entering supply - demand zones) then that is a different matter entirely.

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No, i am saying some will view them as areas of support to be purchased, some will view them as a level that might be broken.
yes i get you..but the LEVEL is there is it not? that is my whole point are we all viewing the same data or is everyone "seeing" different data depending on when they logged in? what each trader does with the data he/she see is a different topic and not even my concern here. my argument is that we are all "seeing" the same data and the same chart formation for that time period. and that data will reflect support/resistance levels,,chart patterns,OHLC..etc. i could care less what one does with what they see but we have to all be seeing the same thing or ...TA meaningless..another argument (that it is indeed meaningless) that others would also espouse.

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the High and Low are time stamped prices supplied from the Exchange and are therefore factual ... the Open, Close, MP, TYP etc are the creation of the Trader's fertile mind.

.

is not the high and low one of many transactions likewise the open and close too. they only become such when a certain time frame is chosen to display the PA for that time frame but to say the open and close aren't from the exchange is to eliminate them from the data feed. they are ALL from the exchange but only become what they are (OHLC) when a time frame is put on them. the high of a 5 min chart may be the open of another TF chart. but they are all equal valid data points and they all are what the exchange sends. they are all just transactions..period.. they only become OHLC as they are fit into different time frames. so..in this sense they (OHLC) are all equal..all valid..all useable data.

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Here is a little picture I made to illustrate how the close of a bar can be important, this have to do with resistance ,once broken it will become support and vice versa, when a bar or candle closes above a resistance area, the next bar will open above support, and that is an advantage, because then the former resistance is support. in fact, it is impossible former resistance could become support if a bar didn't close above it. why? because price wouldn't be above it.

5aa7116eddfab_Closingisimportant.jpg.aca597903cfbc9792f1b6ab644edf1a2.jpg

Edited by Trader1

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yes i get you..but the LEVEL is there is it not? that is my whole point are we all viewing the same data or is everyone "seeing" different data depending on when they logged in? what each trader does with the data he/she see is a different topic and not even my concern here. my argument is that we are all "seeing" the same data and the same chart formation for that time period. and that data will reflect support/resistance levels,,chart patterns,OHLC..etc. i could care less what one does with what they see but we have to all be seeing the same thing or ...TA meaningless..another argument (that it is indeed meaningless) that others would also espouse.

 

We may not all be seeing the same data. A grandma who buys 10 shares a month of MCD has no idea what data is let alone support or resistance. She, along with hundreds of thousands of other investors who buy systematically also have no idea where support or resistance is. Monthly and weekly chart traders may have no idea what the daily or hourly charts look like. Are they wrong for not looking at the minutia and not checking the lower timeframe S/R levels.

 

No matter what timeframe, support or resistance is a level where you HOPE it will reverse. It becomes support or resistance after-the-fact. It it doesn't hold, it was never support or resistance in the first place.

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.. it is a snapshot of price at a regular interval...that is all it is.

 

agreed that is all any of it is..but again the point is ARE we seeing the SAME data at the SAME time?

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We may not all be seeing the same data. A grandma who buys 10 shares a month of MCD has no idea what data is let alone support or resistance. She, along with hundreds of thousands of other investors who buy systematically also have no idea where support or resistance is. Monthly and weekly chart traders may have no idea what the daily or hourly charts look like. Are they wrong for not looking at the minutia and not checking the lower timeframe S/R levels.

 

No matter what timeframe, support or resistance is a level where you HOPE it will reverse. It becomes support or resistance after-the-fact. It it doesn't hold, it was never support or resistance in the first place.

but if grandma figures the computer out and puts up a 5 minute chart of the ES and mr horseshoes does the same WILL they be looking at the same data and same bar formation? i could care less if they are investors or traders or what they do with what they see. that is their business. but will they be seeing the same OHLC? that is all i want to know.....please answer quickly..

thanks

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agreed that is all any of it is..but again the point is ARE we seeing the SAME data at the SAME time?

 

Yes you se the same data, if you are on the same timeframe that is, all timeframes have different sizes and lengths of the candles sure, but if you are on the same timeframe as anyone else you would se the same thing.

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Yes you se the same data, if you are on the same timeframe that is, all timeframes have different sizes and lengths of the candles sure, but if you are on the same timeframe as anyone else you would se the same thing.

 

Time Frames don't come into the picture at all.

 

At any given moment you will see the same price as the Exchange (allowing for lag) providing your PC clock is accurate

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Yes you se the same data, if you are on the same timeframe that is, all timeframes have different sizes and lengths of the candles sure, but if you are on the same timeframe as anyone else you would se the same thing.
thank you sir/madam :applaud: ..you, with your answer, have singlehandedly rescued TA from utter annihilation. :applaud: :applaud::applaud:others may not see it, or believe it, but you, sir have preserved TA for posterity..stop by the desk and mistsubishi will have your award in hand to give you. captain bob will take you fishing on his boat..i, sir salute you.

 

time for a moto ride...i am outta here

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but if grandma figures the computer out and puts up a 5 minute chart of the ES and mr horseshoes does the same WILL they be looking at the same data and same bar formation? i could care less if they are investors or traders or what they do with what they see. that is their business. but will they be seeing the same OHLC? that is all i want to know.....please answer quickly..

thanks

If she looks at the 5 minute then she will see the same thing. Will she arrive at the same conclusion? No idea.

 

If she is trading daily or weekly bars, your 5 min s/r likely doesn't exist at all.

 

I look at what you call S/R and see something entirely different than what most people see when they see S/R.

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thank you sir/madam :applaud: ..you, with your answer, have singlehandedly rescued TA from utter annihilation. :applaud: :applaud::applaud:others may not see it, or believe it, but you, sir have preserved TA for posterity..stop by the desk and mistsubishi will have your award in hand to give you. captain bob will take you fishing on his boat..i, sir salute you.

 

time for a moto ride...i am outta here

LOL ;) don't know how I would take that, should I laugh or cry? anyway, Im agreeing with you, normally we all would see the same data with some exeptions, and that is if the broker is up to some fishy buisiness. btw, the close is very important, aswell as the open and the highs and lows, on a minute chart they might not be of so great importance but on higher timeframes it is, if you guys are talking about pure price then you should also get the same data as everyone else that is trading at the exchange,

but it also depends what you are trading,

if you thrade the forex you would probably not see the same price as everyone else because in forex there are no exchange, all the different brokers will have different prices depending on their buisiness model.

Edited by Trader1

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Way back at http://www.traderslaboratory.com/forums/technical-analysis/12081-close-bar-meaningless-13.html#post139913 I was praying that

Hopefully, we haven’t influenced anyone to come to discount the close if it actually should be ‘meaningful’ in their world

 

… And v v [vice versa] ...

Hopefully, we haven’t influenced anyone to come to represent the close as something more than it really is if it should be just another price print in their world.

… either of those would be worse than meaningless and useless…

Thankfully, I doubt we have ‘influenced’ anyone… :crap: 27 fkn pages later

 

What we have done is come closer – closer to ET than ever before in the whole history of this forum… Is there any way the mods could drain this thread from TL and tranfuse it in its entirely into ET?

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mitsubishi why do you sleep at the most important times? this is monumental and trader1 has preserved TA for many many generations....cheers TA is safe! :cheers: :cheers:

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:bang head:

If she looks at the 5 minute then she will see the same thing.
thank you mighty mouse. this is all i needed to hear. it was starting to get plumb embarassing...knock my head against the wall and spit out my tobacco :bang head: :embarassed: :embarassed: Edited by Patuca

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Way back at http://www.traderslaboratory.com/forums/technical-analysis/12081-close-bar-meaningless-13.html#post139913 I was praying that

 

Thankfully, I doubt we have ‘influenced’ anyone… :crap: 27 fkn pages later

 

What we have done is come closer – closer to ET than ever before in the whole history of this forum… Is there any way the mods could drain this thread from TL and tranfuse it in its entirely into ET?

your understanding in the post you referenced is noted..at least you didn't throw out the close as meaningless but why should we give the glory of saving TA to ET?????:cinema:

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Dunno,"this thread just does something to me" ;)
LOL seems like I've heard that line before. :haha:

 

your mathematical equations are safe mitsubishi..trader1 made sure of that after i kept pushing for answers. the concept of staggered time frames could have affected your calculations...we couldn't let that happen now could we?

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You're still not getting it, are you? Not one of you.

 

"Staggered" timeframes is a way to illustrate the point - nobody is suggesting that they occur in any significant manner (though differences in data might result in such discrepancies). Forget about "staggered time frames". Forget anyone ever proposed their existence.

 

The point is very simple:

 

The timeframe is a discrete structure arbitrarily imposed on continuous data.

 

It's an arrogant getsure, a bit like trying to map the landscape. Consider the contour lines showing altitude on an ordnance survey map . . . When I walk outside my front door, is the ground perfectly flat for a hundred yards, and then at the point where the contour line is drawn on my map, does the ground instantaneously drop by twenty feet? Of course not. The terrain has continuous gradient; the contour lines on a map are a discrete structure we impose to try and represent this in two dimensions.

 

If you don't "get it" from this post, then you should probably give up, because it really doesn't matter too much anyway . . .

 

BlueHorseshoe

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At any given moment you will see the same price as the Exchange (allowing for lag) providing your PC clock is accurate

 

Though unimportant, THIS IS NOT TRUE.

 

Phone your broker. Ask them what filters they apply to the data they receive from the exchange before they pass it on to you.

 

Pretty much the only people receiving raw data are HFTs, and they apply their own data cleansing methods just like your broker does.

 

Not that this matters - it is irrelevant to the fact that the close of the bar is meaningless.

 

BlueHorseshoe

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    • Date: 15th April 2024. Market News – Negative Reversion; Safe Havens Rally. Trading Leveraged Products is risky Economic Indicators & Central Banks:   Markets weigh risk of retaliation cycle in Middle East. Initially the retaliatory strike from Iran on Israel fostered a haven bid, into bonds, gold and other haven assets, as it threatens a wider regional conflict. However, this morning, Oil and Asian equity markets were muted as traders shrugged off fears of a war escalation in the Middle East. Iran said “the matter can be deemed concluded”, and President Joe Biden has called on Israel to exercise restraint following Iran’s drone and missile strike, as part of Washington’s efforts to ease tensions in the Middle East and minimize the likelihood of a widespread regional conflict. New US and UK sanctions banned deliveries of Russian supplies, i.e. key industrial metals, produced after midnight on Friday. Aluminum jumped 9.4%, nickel rose 8.8%, suggesting brokers are bracing for major supply chain disruption. Financial Markets Performance:   The USDIndex fell back from highs over 106 to currently 105.70. The Yen dip against USD to 153.85. USOIL settled lower at 84.50 per barrel and Gold is trading below session highs at currently $2357.92 per ounce. Copper, more liquid and driven by the global economy over recent weeks, was more subdued this morning. Currently at $4.3180. Market Trends:   Asian stock markets traded mixed, but European and US futures are slightly higher after a tough session on Friday and yields have picked up. Mainland China bourses outperformed overnight, after Beijing offered renewed regulatory support. The PBOC meanwhile left the 1-year MLF rate unchanged, while once again draining funds from the system. Nikkei slipped 1% to 39,114.19. On Friday, NASDAQ slumped -1.62% to 16,175, unwinding most of Thursday’s 1.68% jump to a new all-time high at 16,442. The S&P500 fell -1.46% and the Dow dropped 1.24%. Declines were broadbased with all 11 sectors of the S&P finishing in the red. JPMorgan Chase sank 6.5% despite reporting stronger profit in Q1. The nation’s largest bank gave a forecast for a key source of income this year that fell below Wall Street’s estimate, calling for only modest growth. Apple shipments drop by 10% in Q1. Always trade with strict risk management. Your capital is the single most important aspect of your trading business. Please note that times displayed based on local time zone and are from time of writing this report. Click HERE to access the full HFM Economic calendar. Want to learn to trade and analyse the markets? Join our webinars and get analysis and trading ideas combined with better understanding on how markets work. Click HERE to register for FREE! Click HERE to READ more Market news. Andria Pichidi Market Analyst HFMarkets Disclaimer: This material is provided as a general marketing communication for information purposes only and does not constitute an independent investment research. Nothing in this communication contains, or should be considered as containing, an investment advice or an investment recommendation or a solicitation for the purpose of buying or selling of any financial instrument. All information provided is gathered from reputable sources and any information containing an indication of past performance is not a guarantee or reliable indicator of future performance. Users acknowledge that any investment in FX and CFDs products is characterized by a certain degree of uncertainty and that any investment of this nature involves a high level of risk for which the users are solely responsible and liable. We assume no liability for any loss arising from any investment made based on the information provided in this communication. This communication must not be reproduced or further distributed without our prior written permission.
    • The morning of my last post I happened to glance over to the side and saw “...angst over the FOMC’s rate trajectory triggered a flight to safety, hence boosting the haven demand. “   http://www.traderslaboratory.com/forums/topic/21621-hfmarkets-hfmcom-market-analysis-services/page/17/?tab=comments#comment-228522   I reacted, but didn’t take time to  respond then... will now --- HFBlogNews, I don’t know if you are simply aggregating the chosen narratives for the day or if it’s your own reporting... either way - “flight to safety”????  haven ?????  Re: “safety  - ”Those ‘solid rocks’ are getting so fragile a hit from a dandelion blowball might shatter them... like now nobody wants to buy longer term new issues at these rates...yet the financial media still follows the scripts... The imagery they pound day in and day out makes it look like the Fed knows what they’re doing to help ‘us’... They do know what they’re doing - but it certainly is not to help ‘us’... and it is not to ‘control’ inflation... And at some point in the not too distant future, the interest due will eat a huge portion of the ‘revenue’ Re: “haven” The defaults are coming ...  The US will not be the first to default... but it will certainly not be the very last to default !! ...Enough casual anti-white racism for the day  ... just sayin’
    • Date: 12th April 2024. Producer Inflation On The Rise, But Will Earnings Hold Demand Steady?     Producer inflation rose slightly less than previous expectations, but the annual figure continues to rise. The annual PPI rose to 2.1% and the Core PPI rose to 2.4%. The NASDAQ and SNP500 end the day higher, but the Dow Jones continues to struggle. This morning earnings kick off with the banking sector including JP Morgan, BlackRock and Wells Fargo. All 3 stocks trade higher during pre-trading hours. The Euro trades lower against all currencies despite the ECB’s attempt to establish a hawkish tone. USA100 – The NASDAQ Climbs Higher, But Is the Growth Sustainable? The NASDAQ was the only index which did not witness a significant decline at the opening of the US session. In addition to this, the USA100 is the only index which is witnessing indications of a bullish market. The price has crossed onto a higher high breaking the resistance level at $18,269. The index is also trading above the 75-Bar EMA and at the 65.00 level on the RSI which signals buyers are controlling the market. However, a similar large bullish impulse wave was also formed on the 3rd and 5th of the month and was followed by a correction. Therefore, investors need to be cautious of a bearish breakout which may signal a correction back to the 75-bar EMA (18,165). The medium-term growth and its sustainability will depend on the upcoming earnings data.   Bond yields declined during this morning’s Asian session by 18 points, which is positive for the stock market. However, even with the decline, bond yields remain significantly higher than Monday’s opening yield. This week the 10-year bond yield rose from 4.424 to 4.558, which is a concern. If bond yields again start to rise, the stock market potentially can again become pressured. 25% of the NASDAQ ended the day lower and 75% higher. This gives a clear indication of the sentiment towards the technology sector and reassures traders about the price movement. Another positive was all of the top 12 influential stocks rose in value. Apple, NVIDIA and Broadcom saw the strongest gains, all rising more than 4%. Producer inflation read slightly lower than expectations, however, the index continues to rise. The Producer Price Index rose from 1.6% to 2.1% and the Core PPI from 2.1% to 2.4%. Therefore, it is not indicating inflation will become easier to tackle in the upcoming months. For this reason, investors should note that inflation and the monetary policy is still a risk and can trigger strong bearish impulse waves. EURUSD – The Euro Declines Against Major Currencies The European Central Bank is attempting to concentrate on the positive factors and give no indications of when the committee may opt to cut rates. For example, President Lagarde advises “sales figures” remain stable, but the issue remains they are stably low. Officials said the decline in prices generally confirms medium-term forecasts and is ensured by a decrease in the cost of food and goods. Most experts continue to believe that the first reduction in interest rates will happen in June, and there may be three or four in total during the year. Due to this, the Euro is declining against all currencies including the Pound, Yen and Swiss Franc. The US Dollar Index on the other hand trades 0.39% higher and is almost trading at a 23-week high. Due to this momentum, the price of the exchange continues to indicate a decline in favor of the US Dollar.   Always trade with strict risk management. Your capital is the single most important aspect of your trading business. Please note that times displayed based on local time zone and are from time of writing this report. Click HERE to access the full HFM Economic calendar. Want to learn to trade and analyse the markets? Join our webinars and get analysis and trading ideas combined with better understanding on how markets work. Click HERE to register for FREE! Click HERE to READ more Market news. Michalis Efthymiou Market Analyst HMarkets Disclaimer: This material is provided as a general marketing communication for information purposes only and does not constitute an independent investment research. Nothing in this communication contains, or should be considered as containing, an investment advice or an investment recommendation or a solicitation for the purpose of buying or selling of any financial instrument. All information provided is gathered from reputable sources and any information containing an indication of past performance is not a guarantee or reliable indicator of future performance. Users acknowledge that any investment in FX and CFDs products is characterized by a certain degree of uncertainty and that any investment of this nature involves a high level of risk for which the users are solely responsible and liable. We assume no liability for any loss arising from any investment made based on the information provided in this communication. This communication must not be reproduced or further distributed without our prior written permission.
    • $MSFT Microsoft stock top of range breakout above 433.1, https://stockconsultant.com/?MSFT
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