[luke24.5]

I don't think any of those forementioned leaders of tapereading would be doing the same thing they did when all they had to watch was numbers rolling across the tape. However their principles are very consistent with Graifer's definition: "Principles of tapereading ... match price movement to crowd behavior in the form of a rate of volume" (P.92).

Thus the object of the book is not to give a history lesson or teach one to use only technology available decades or centuries ago. Graifer's methods are consistent with his definition and with what he promises on the book cover.

Definition then is a problem but Graifer delivers on what he promised in the title of the book. I prefer the term "market generated data" but the term tapereader has stuck and is used commonly. It's all about understanding Price + volume + time and what it's "telling" you in real time.